What Is Time Value of Money?

Understanding Time Value of Money

First Published: ADawnJournal.com June 23, 2010

Everyone wants to know how much their money is going to be worth down the road. Not only that, knowing how much money you may have will help you save better and make more money. Over the course of this article, I will cover four important concepts. They are:

1.   Time Value

2.   Present Value

3.   Net Present Value

4.   Future Value

All of these concepts will center on the value of money. We all know that money is valuable, but what about the time value of it? What is it worth now, how much is it truly worth now, what is its future value? All of these need to be understood if you are going to get the most out of your money.

Time Value

The time value of money is the value that is given to the amount of interest earned by the money over a certain period of time. That means that if the money earns a few dollars interest, then its time value will be based on how much value will be associated with the money and the interest. Here is a simple example to help show what we mean:

Let’s say you have 100 dollars right now and you put it away in an investment that earns you 10 percent over the next year. That means that your original 100 dollars is going to be worth 110 dollars in about a year. So, 100 dollars paid out now, or the 110 dollars paid out in one year will have the same value to the recipient who assumes the interest. However, using the time value of money, we know that the future value of the money is going to be 110 dollars. What makes this important is it allows a person to determine their future annual incomes. That way, annual incomes are discounted and added together to create a lump-sum that is the present value of a total income stream.

Present Value

The present value of money is the value of money on a given date for a future payment, discounted to reflect the time value of money and other factors. In economics, present value calculations are widely used, as well as in business.

If you are given the choice between getting $100 now, or $100 in one year, you will probably take the $100 now because that gives you money immediately. This is where Time Preference comes in. For example, if the $100 is worth $70 in one year, then the present value of the $100 one year in the future is $70. When you have money you have two options, you can save it or spend it. The benefit from saving money is that later on it will incur interest and that will give you more money down the road.

When money is evaluated for its present value in the future, it is called capitalization. So, let’s look at an example.

If you have the choice between $100 today and $100 in one year, you will probably choose the money now but if the money in a year earns 10 percent interest, then you can have $110 in one year, more than you would get now. The present value of the money at the future date is going to be $110.

Net Present Value

The net present value of a time series of money, both incoming and outgoing, is defined by the present values of the individual cash flows. Net Present Value is a central tool in discounted cash-flow and is used when determining the time value of money for long-term projects, such as budgeting within a company. By measuring the excess or shortfall of cash flows, in present terms, it is possible for companies to make good financial decisions.

Companies will use Net Present Value to determine if an investment or project is going to add value to the company. By using the calculations for Net Present Value, it is possible to determine the NPV and therefore, the value for the company as follows:

·   If the NPV is greater than zero, the investment would add money to the company and therefore the project should be accepted.

·   If the NPV is less than zero, then the investment will take value away from the firm and the project should be rejected.

·   If the NPV is equal to zero, then the investment will neither take money nor give money to the company. This means that decisions to accept or reject the project, should be based on other factors.

Future Value

The future value of money is how much a given sum of money will be worth at a specific time given the interest rate and the rate of return. The value does not include things like corrections for inflation.

Here is a brief example to illustrate future value of money. If you are given $100 today, it is worth $100, however in five years it will not be worth $100 because of the changing value of money. You can put the money into the bank and it will either grow or fall in value depending on interest. In addition, if you buy something today for $100, you may not be able to buy that same item for $100 because of inflation increasing the purchase price. Inflation can grow by about half a percent to one percent per year, and that will mean that the item will cost as much as five dollars more in five years.  As a result, economists will evaluate the true value of the money over a given period of time based on future value calculations. Companies and economists will look at the real interest rate to determine the purchasing power change over a period of time.

Should We Give Credit Cards to Kids?

Credit Cards and Kids

First Published: ADawnJournal.com April 3, 2010

We are living in the age of the Internet and high-tech electronic payment systems – an age in which you don’t need to carry physical money to pay for expenses. Denying the use of credit cards for kids would be like denying them living in the 21st century. These days, credit cards have become a common daily necessity like cell phones and drivers’ licenses. Credit card companies know that teenagers are a good segment of their target market and they are campaigning fiercely to grab their market share. Leaving kids unaware of credit cards would make them fall into the credit card debt trap and will make their whole life miserable in later years. Teaching kids how to handle credit cards and stay debt-free is an important part of being a parent and these lessons should start while they are still at home and at an early age. Today, I will look at the many different aspects of credit cards and kids.

Do Kids Need Credit Cards?

Whether parents like it or not, kids will be exposed to credit card offers these days more than ever. Mail-in offers, credit card companies trying to reach out to kids through various marketing and promotional techniques, and the plastic culture society (using plastic is considered cool) we are living in today – will make it impossible to deny let our kids the use of credit cards. If parents don’t allow them to use it, they will get their hands on it without parents’ knowledge; and credit card companies wait to seize these opportunities so they can prey on kids when kids are ready to try plastic without their parents’ knowledge.

That’s why parents should take the early initiative to break financial illiteracy and start giving kids financial lessons while they are still at home. Early education prevents financial disaster and costly mistakes at a later age. If kids know all the ins and outs of credit cards and start using them responsibly under guidance, they will be able to handle credit cards responsibly and in the long run will be able to avoid credit card debt and will score good credit ratings.

Benefits of Giving Kids Credit Cards

·   Building Credit: Although a credit card is not the most important factor in building good credit, it can definitely be a good tool to help establish good credit. By using credit cards responsibly and paying bills on time, kids will be able to start building a solid financial backbone.

·   Spending Plans: The word “Budget” may be a difficult one for kids to grasp. Create Spending Plans for them and teach the difference between Wants and Needs. Impulse buying can lead them into financial turmoil. Teach them how to spend money wisely on things they need and monitor their credit card bills carefully to make sure they are on track. Teach them the pitfalls of high balances and late payments and guide them to avoid these always.

·   Financial Responsibility: Teach kids about financial services and products along with credit cards as personal finance lessons are not given at educational institutions. Early personal finance education will instill values and responsibilities in kids and it is likely that they will analyze various financial steps they take and will avoid debt, paying interest, and actions to ruin their financial future.

What You Need To Do Before Giving Kids Credit Cards

Let’s look at some scenarios you need to consider before giving them a credit card.

·   Start Talking: Start talking to your kids about the pros and cons and other aspects of credit cards. Tell them the good things about credit cards such as convenience, credit score, better job prospects with a better credit score, lower insurance rates and so on. Tell them the bad things such as interest, late payments, misuse of the card, how it can ruin their credit rating and so on. Tell them about minimum payments, interest charges, why it is wise to pay the balance in full, the effects of late payments, the effects of spending beyond limits and so on.

·   Does He/She Have a Bank Account? Make sure he/she knows how to deal with a bank account and ATM cards, and teach them banking basics before handing them a credit card.

·   Is Your Kid Ready? You need to make this judgment call to determine if your kid is ready to handle credit cards. Is he/she responsible and able to handle money and credit cards? Does he/she know when to buy and when not to buy? What to buy and what not to buy? Does he/she have a job to pay credit card bills? If not, how it will be paid? Will he/she be paying off the balance in full every month? Does he/she realize that interest will be charged if the balance is not paid in full? If you think he/she is not ready yet, continue giving them lessons until he/she is ready.

·   Lay Out a Roadmap: Tell them exactly what things are allowed with their credit cards and what aren’t. This will avoid confusion later on. Tell them what may happen if they fail to follow these guidelines.

What Kind of Credit Cards Should You Give Kids?

There are different opinions on this matter. Some financial experts suggest that you should start with a debit card first and then switch to a credit card. Some experts argue that a prepaid credit card is the best vehicle to start teaching kids about credit cards. Some experts think parents should add kids to their own card as an authorized user so they can monitor how they are doing. However, my own point of view is little different and I think the best type of credit to start with for kids is a credit card with a lower limit. I will tell you why I think this way and what the problems are with the other views I mentioned above.

First of all, a debit card is a debit card. It comes nowhere near close to giving your kids the experience and lessons you expect to give by using a credit card. Before having their first credit card, they should already have a bank account, an ATM card or debit card and this should be enough to give them the experience of how a debit card works. So a debit card is not an alternative to a credit card and kids should have a bank account and a debit card whether they have a credit card or not.

Secondly, prepaid credit cards may sound like credit cards but they aren’t giving kids the real-life experience of a real credit card. These prepaid credit cards have no monthly bills, interest rates, or late fees, as they are paid before and you can use only up to the amount you loaded onto your account beforehand. So it is missing the real, relevant experience of a credit card.

Thirdly, parents should never add kids to their own credit card account. Parents’ credit card accounts will always have much higher limits than you want your kids to access and it will not give them the sense that they need to be financially responsible, as they will know that this is not their own credit card and they don’t need to act responsibly.

A credit card with a lower limit, $200 to $300 to start with, is the best credit card teaching vehicle for kids to start learning the uses of credit cards and start the journey towards becoming financially responsible.

What You Need To Do After Giving Kids Credit Cards

Monitor the transactions on the credit card account regularly. Make sure they are not buying above the limit or buying the things you asked to avoid. Make sure they are paying bills on time. Reinforce the roadmap you laid out before for using the credit card and make sure they are following it. Discuss credit card mistakes you have made or someone else has made in the past and tell them to use them wisely to stay out of credit card debt. Show them good resources on the Internet to learn more about personal finances and how staying financially healthy can pay off throughout the course of their lives. With all the good intentions, if they falter and are unable to handle credit cards and make small mistakes, help them to bailout – but give them the message that this is not going to be a repetitive act and they will have to pay off the bills by working off their own money.

At What Age Kids Should Get Credit Cards?

It all depends. If your kid is ready to handle it, a credit card can be given to 12 – 15-year old kids. However, don’t continue credit card ties with your kids after 20 + years of age. At this point, this should be the end of their college years and they should be responsible enough to handle their own credit. Let them know at least a year ahead that this will be their last year to have credit cards under your guidance and monitoring.

Last Word

Kids do what they see. Teaching alone will not be sufficient to teach kids about credit cards. Kids will watch their parents and copy their financial behavioural patterns. It is important for parents to be financial role models and set up good examples for kids to follow towards achieving financial success. Bottom line, early credit card education depends on how parents proceed and handle their kids’ credit card journey, including misuses of credit cards. Kids can become more responsible or less responsible depending on their parents’ actions.

How to Teach Kids About Money

Teaching Children About Personal Finances

First Published: ADawnJournal.com February 16, 2010

When it comes to teaching children about money and personal finances, we all seem to tumble and often it seems like a taboo. Here are some ideas that will help you teach your kids how to become financially responsible and successful in their adult lives.

You should start teaching your children the value of money at a young age. Explain to them the difference between needs and wants and tell them that money does not grow on trees. Money comes from hard work and each of us has responsibilities to our family, community, and the world.

Do not pay kids a straight allowance without guiding them towards what to do with it properly. When you give them an allowance, break it down into categories such as 10% or 15% should go to their savings account, and what other percentages that should be spent to pay for their books, activities, lunch, and so on.

Do not pay kids to do regular household chores that they would normally do. Explain to them what regular chores they are required to do and what chores can be considered special projects they can get paid for – if they are able to complete it successfully. These chores are outside regular ones and you would hire someone else to do it normally. Examples are: mowing the lawn, cleaning the backyard, and so on.

Once kids have a fair idea of what money is, start teaching them how a bank works, what a credit card is and why it charges interest, what a budget is and why it is important. The age range to discuss this would be 7 – 10.

Once kids start earning money, ask them to save 15 – 20 %. Explain to them that it is very important to spend less than what they earn and to save 15 – 20% continuously as they continue working into their adulthood. If they can follow this simple rule, they will be very rich one day.

It’s a very good idea to encourage kids to pursue entrepreneurial and marketable skills. Discuss with your kids what it means to be an entrepreneur and encourage them to use their creativity to find money making ideas or to open a business kids can operate in the surrounding neighbourhoods. Also, explain to them how some skills can pay off for their lifetime and it is worth learning these skills at an early age. Examples are: writing stories, setting up online blog and make money from it, learning graphics designing, learning how to repair a bike, learning how to paint, how to fix a computer, and so on. Don’t pressure kids to learn what you think will be in demand; rather, let them find the stuff they are interested in and wanting to learn.

Explain to your kids that education is very important. Even if they start making tons of money with their business or entrepreneurial skills, it is important to have a 4-year degree. Encourage them to pay their tuition with their own money – as much as possible. This will make them understand the value of each dollar and will teach them to appreciate what they have.

Giving is very important. Teach kids the joy of giving. Explain to them that we live on a small planet called “Earth” and not everyone is as fortunate as we are. We all can help those who need it most by donating, participating in voluntary works, helping charity organizations, and opening ourselves to build a better world.

Teaching kids about money is one of the best things you can ever give to your kids. It will build a solid financial roadmap for them to follow and will help them to secure a better financial future for their lifetime.

Ten Timeless Personal Finance Tips By Financial Author Ahmed Dawn

Ten Timeless Tips For Financial Success

First Published: ADawnJournal.com December 1, 2009

The financial crisis is making a lot of people realize that they don’t know how to manage money.  Unfortunately, this is not taught in our schools, but Canada’s Personal Finance Blog – A Dawn Journal is here to help you. This article will teach you all the basics you need to become financially successful. Visit A Dawn Journal regularly for more articles like this.

1. Spend less than you earn. If this is something you can’t do, make arrangements to bump up your income by taking a part-time or an additional job. This number one tip is the most important, timeless financial tip ever. If you can’t do it, all or any other financial tips will be meaningless.

2. Track your spending. I don’t believe that a dollar-for-dollar budget works. However, you should have a rough idea of how much you spend on certain categories. Keep track all of your expenses and adjust necessarily among various categories, i.e., if you see you are spending too much on entertainment, take steps to reduce your expenses. At the end of the day, your expenditures have to be lower than (as mentioned in point 1) your earnings. Use free personal finance software to keep track of your expenses.

3. Pay yourself first. Set aside at least 5-15% (do 5% if you have loans, do more than 5% if you don’t have loans, credit card balances etc) of your gross income into your investment account, savings account, RRSP, TFSA or so on every month. Set up an automatic plan to do it regularly.

4. Have an emergency fund. Have six months’ worth of living expenses in a high interest savings account for emergencies.

5. Set goals. Know exactly when you want to pay off your loan, buy a car, buy a house, and when you want to retire.

6. Pay your credit card balances in full every month. If you already have credit card debt, pay it off first. Credit cards charge the most interest. It is a good idea to pay off credit card balances with a line of credit account, which charges half the interest.

7. Try to avoid buying a car. If you still need to buy, buy a used car. A new car depreciates about 35% the moment you drive it off the lot.

8. Pack your lunch. If you eat out every day, your approximate cost would be as below:

Weekly Cost = $10 * 5 = $50

Monthly Cost = $50 * 4 = $200

Yearly Cost = $200 * 12 = $2,400

$2,400 annually is a lot of money. If you are in a 42 % tax bracket, for example, you keep 58% of each additional dollar you earn. When you consider all the taxes and costs associated with earning that after-tax $2,400, saving $2,400 annually means actually saving $4,000 in pre-tax savings (all figures are approximate). Let’s put it another way – if you can brown bag your lunch, think of it as you are giving yourself a $4,000 raise annually.

If you can’t pack every day, pack at least two to three times a week.

9. Start investing. Investment is nothing but a discipline; it has to be orchestrated with great passion and care. Investment is not like going to the shopping mall and buying a few things impulsively. Start investing for the long run, and keep adding money every month or every week. Stay invested for the long run-through good times and bad, through market ups and downs. If you don’t know how to start investing, I recommend reading Invest Now. Anyone can become a successful investor by following three simple and practical steps mentioned in this book. If you are not comfortable investing on your own, seek professional help. I recommend fee-only financial advisors.

10. Review your progress at least once a year. If you are not satisfied with achieving your financial goal, change or modify your financial roadmap. If you are not sure what actions to take, consult a fee-only financial planner.

Discipline Is Still Needed For Financial Success

Discipline and Money Management 

Many things have changed, but the basics of making money remain the same. Discipline is a skill you will need to create wealth and become successful financially. Winning the lottery or being born as a billionaire Saudi princess will not happen to most of the general population. And it even does not come to a percentage - when you look at people who are rich that way. So hoping for an unrealistic way to become wealthy will not do any good and that sort of thought should be avoided in the first place.

It is not hard to achieve your financial dreams. You only need to know a few simple, basic rules. And following those rules with discipline will make you accomplish your goals. Many personal finance websites are packed with these basics to explore for free. You only need the willingness to learn and apply towards reaching your financial goals - and you need discipline to accomplish that along the way.

If you are reading this article right now, it is highly likely that you already have a decent paying job or entrepreneurship. If you don’t, you will soon have it because you are a smart and educated person, and that’s what lead you to this website in the first place. Discipline can make the difference between two identical same level money earning individuals reaching financial goals and never reaching financial goals.

Let’s look at two imaginary individuals A and B. Both have good paying jobs. Both live in the same city. A spends all his money eating out at restaurants, taking expensive vacations on credit cards, buying the latest electronic gadgets, and living in expensive houses he can’t afford. He has lots of credit card balances and never disciplines himself to set aside money for the future. His logic is that life is too short not to enjoy - and he wont be able to enjoy these once he is old. So let’s enjoy as much possible right now and forget about the future.

Author/Copyright: Ahmed Dawn www.adawnjournal.com

B takes a different approach to life. He thinks life is too short to work for someone else - and he does not want to spend all his life working for a corporation only to pay off his credit card bills and things he would not have enjoyed in the first place. He aims to end working for someone else and wants to live on his own terms as early as possible - while he is still young. He disciplines himself saving and investing every penny he can get and so far he is doing pretty good. He was inspired after reading a few articles and books by financial author A. Dawn and reading more financial books and articles to enhance his personal finance knowledge since then. His favourite one is this: Ten Timeless Personal Finance Tip.

The obvious difference between A and B is that A will still have to work to pay of his credit cards bill when he will be required to get hip replacement surgery. A failed to realise that to enjoy his life now, he chose to work all his life to pay off his bills. He will never be free from his debts and will die one day working and worrying paying off his bills. B will accumulate enough savings early enough to retire and enjoy his life without working for someone else and without worrying about paying off his debts. He only needed the willingness to learn and the discipline to apply what he learned.

It is still not too late or early, regardless how old you are, to decide whether you would like to be A or B. I have chosen to be B and I have many tools to offer to help you reach your goals for free. Feel free to browse all my websites listed on the right panel of this page. And don’t forget - discipline cannot be replaced by anything else and has no substitute.